Hamburg's history begins in the 9th Century as a mission settlement to convert the Saxons. Since the dawn of the city, Hamburg has always been a trading city. Located near the sea, the Hamburg ports gave this city its identity, one that is based on water, commerce and war. 

Start the historical tour from the central train station, Hauptbahnhof to discover a myriad of historical sites, landmarks and events. The train station itself opened in 1906, to replace four other separate stations, and today is one of the busiest stations in Germany. During World War II, the station received damage from the World War II allied bomb raiding on November 9. 1941. 

Kunsthalle
Nearby the hauptbahnhof (central train station), is one of Germany's most prominent art museums. In my opinion, Berlin has the best, but Hamburg is worth the visit. Explore a mix of fine art and modernism with old and new timer artists such as Rembrandt, Goya and Canelleto, Picasso, Warhol and Kircher.

​Jungfernsteig
As seen in the above image, Jungfernsteig is a waterfront promenade on the Binnenlaster. On land, explore a myriad of shops and department stores, cafes and independent shops in historical, Neoclassical buildings. The name, Jungfernsteig came about as a tradition of wealthy Hanseaten families who flaunted their unmarried daughters for eligible bachelors.

Speicherstadt
This warehouse district is a popular place to wander and admire meandering canals, graffiti bridges, historic architecture and locals living their daily life. UNESCO claimed this a world heritage site on July 5, 2015 alongside with the Kontorhaus and Chilehaus displays the largest warehouses in the world. One may consider that the name Chilehaus is a unique name for a German building. And that is true. Built in the 1920's by a local shipping magnate, Henry Sloman, one of the richest in Hamburg, made his fortune trading saltpeter with Chile. Interesting fact: the Chilehaus contains 4.8 million grey bricks.  

Poggenmühlen-Brücke
​Located in Speicherstadt, this bridge is a hot spot for marvelous photos of the warehouse district. The bridge itself is nothing spectacular besides being pieces of metal floating above water, but most images you see of this district come from the bridge. Sunset is a popular time where the sun reflects off the brick and stone. igniting golden rays of warm hues painted alongside the brick. 

Fischmarkt
Located in the 19th Century Fischauktionhalle, is the infamous fish market. Opening on Sundays at  5:00am, the market is a mix of everyday Joes and drunkards who stumble from the Reeperbahn for some early morning grub and live music. The fish market originated in 1703 and features fresh catches from the Northern Sea as well as flowers, coffee and other market goods. 

Planten un Blomen
Hamburg like most European cities are a concrete jungle dotted with several urban parks. if visiting one park, planten un blomen should mark the top of your list. The park features the Old Botanical Garden, which was planted on the city wall in 1821. The park and garden is 47-hectares featuring plenty of ponds, green space, greenhouses and botanical plantations. 

Landungsbrücken Piers​
The historical waterfront and piers attract locals and tourists alike. The two green-domed towers mark the 205-meter terminal between the lower port area of the fischmarkt and the reeperbahn. Landungsbrücken translates to 'landing bridges' and was once a pier for steam ships. Today, tourists take boat tours or just admire the bustling waterside. 
​
Sankt Pauli - St. Pauli District & the Reeperbahn
A district where, sin, sex and prostitution thrives, the young and the old come here to "make a party." Alive day and night, there some bouts of normalcy exist with clothing shops, restaurants and art galleries. Although the seediness is controlled, this neighborhood has a history of dancing with the devil. As a port city, sailors have long come to the shores of Hamburg and made way to the St. Pauli District for entertainment after many months at sea. After a consistent amount of time of landlocked mermaids luring sailors of the sea in between the sheets, this is how the red light district originated.  ​

Take the magical tour to see where the Beatles played and ignited the start of their career between 1960-1962. 

St. Michael Church
One cannot visit an ancient German city without visiting one of the most prominent churches in town. Located in Altstadt, is the city's most famous Baroque church. Built in the 17th Century, the church features a 132-meter dark cupola at the top of the tower, which is visible from any part of town. The church has had its fair share of high and low moments. In 1750, the tower was struck by lightening, causing the tower to fall and crumble. The tower was also damaged by a fire in 1912, and luckily "avoided" extensive damage from World War II. The church's crypt holds the remains of 2,425 bodies including composer Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. The 106-meter observation deck is open and features a stunning view of the harbor. ​​

Elbe Tunnel
In 1911, when the Elbe tunnel opened, there was nothing like this in the world. This 426-meter tunnel was created to provide a more direct route for dock workers from St. Pauli and Landungsbrücken  to the southern banks of the Elbe River. In the 1970's the tunnel opened as a tourist attraction, and today visitors and locals use the tunnel for transportation and to admire the Art Deco beauty. 

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to 12 Historical Sites in Hamburg, Germany.

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It's very rare to hear people say, "I don't like Berlin." The rich cultural flair has changed throughout the decades. Steeped in history from World War II to communism, Berlin has transformed like any other major city into a major cultural city. Some like the changes. Other do not. Regardless of what you like, there is plenty to do and see in Berlin. 

If you have limited time in Berlin, this guide is here to inform you of the best areas to see and explore based on your interest. The sprawl of Berlin is so large that sometimes it takes 30-40 minutes just to reach the other side of town (or the wall) on the U-bahn or S-bahn. Strategy is necessary if limited on time. 

Mitte
Mitte translates to "middle," and this is the prime location for much of historic Berlin. Central Mitte was once the heart of East Berlin and still holds that traditional feel as its free from gawky skyscrapers.  There are plenty of tourist shops along Unten Den Linden. 

Unter Den Linden is the most popular spot in Mitte. Translating to, "Under the lime tree," some of the most prominent World War II sites and museums are here. The walk stretches from the Berliner Dome (Cathedral) to the Brandenburg Gate. One can easily spend an entire day exploring the museums, landmarks and cafes.
​Discover more to do on my other blog post: A Walking Tour of Unter den Linden: Berlin's Most Prominent & Historical Street.

Alexanderplatz
Alexanderplatz is Berlin's largest square and home to the famous TV tower. This tower marks the spot of where Berlin Old Town once stood, which ws destroyed in the war. Settlers first put roots in this area in the 13th Century, and built cottages, which are now replaced by post war buildings. 
The square earned it's title from Tsar Alexander I, who visited the Prussian capital in 1805. Visitors will find plenty of corporate shops, cafes and cinemas, and although modern, the square is home to many historical events such as the March Revolution of 1848, which also happened in November 1989. Hollywood appearances have also been here like quick shots being filmed in the Bourne movies. 

Discover more on my In Search of Communism in Berlin – Best Historical Sites.

Potsdamerplatz
Some claim this neighborhood has an identity crisis. A former wasteland, today Potsdamerplatz is littered with glass high rises and modern shops and restaurants. Enjoy a birds eye view of the city from Panoramapunkt in the Kollhof Tower. Here visitors will notice metal plaques and bricks on the ground, indicating where the former Berlin Wall once stood.  Plenty of excellent museums reside here, some of the better ones outside of Unter den Linden. 

If you don't have much time in Berlin, this is one area to skip. 

Friedrichstadt
This upscale shopping neighborhood is home to the popular Checkpoint Charlie, a border crossing between east and west Germany during the Communist era. Nearby is a DDR museum, Gendarmenmarkt and the Topography of Terror, which are all famous historical sites and museums.  Also nearby is Anhalter Bahnhof, is a former railway terminal station turned bunker in WW2. Opened in 1880, it was considered the most-grand train station in the world. 

Discover more area sites and museums on my 10 Significant WW2 Sites to Visit in Berlin, Germany.

Prenzlauer Berg
In the early 2000's, this was once the grunge and hip neighborhood. Thanks to gentrification, the yuppies moved in, upsetting the neighborhood's vibe. Like an identity crisis, remains of the graffiti landscape still exist amidst a prim and proper neighborhood. Part hipster, part cultured, this is one area to discover many independent bars, shops and cafes. It certainly is "geil," or cool. 

 Friedrichshain + Kreuzberg
Located in the former West Berlin these two neighborhoods are split by the River Spree, but connected with the Oberbaumbrücke. My first memory of Friedrichshain was watching local hipsters and punks "make a party" underneath the bridge and a girl who looked exactly like the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo exit the U-bahn station.  It didn't matter if it was 3pm or 11pm, partying was a part of this neighborhood. The neighborhood was a ghost town at 8am with the exception of late night parties still dancing to techno from the local warehouse party. 
This is definitely the place to find plenty of exotic and vegan cuisine. The East Side Gallery, or the former Berlin Wall, still exists today with plenty of graffiti.  

Kreuzberg is another neighborhood filled with cheap eats, squatters and buildings tagged with graffiti. Many Turks live here so finding a doner stand is relatively easy. This certainly is the "multikulti" (multi-cultural) neighborhood where Bohemian artists live in their dream "shithole" apartment for a couple hundred euros. 

Tiergarten - Zoo Area
During the Prussian era, Tiergarten used to the be the  hunting grounds for the local kings. Informally known today as the "green heart" of Berlin, the zoo region is bordered by Brandenburg Gate and the Reichstag on the east, the zoo on the west, Potsdamer Platz and the Memorial of the Murdered Jews on the southeast and the Bellevue Castle (the residency of the German President) on the northern tip. It is not uncommon to find unclothed Germans in some of the area's parks, which allows for FKK (nude) sunbathing. The 600 acres of greenspace is one of the largest parks and spaces in the city. On Sundays look for the antique / flea market, Berliner Trödelmarkt. 

​What's your favorite neighborhood in Berlin?

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Hamburg is a northern Germany city, steeped with history, class, culture and classless culture. Germans love Hamburg. And so do tourists. 

I like Hamburg. I didn't find it anymore impressive than other big cities in Germany. Call me weird, but I found the smaller towns and cities more impressive, but hey everyone has their preferences. Hamburg is like a very unique mixed drink. Its a fusion of so many cultures and vibes it's hard to get a grasp of the city's identity. 

Hipsters love it for the seedy St. Pauli,  reeperbahn and graffiti culture, where fine art junkies marvel at the magnificence of the city's art and cultural scene, and water lovers marvel at the grey skies over the port. Whatever you choose in Hamburg, you're bound to having a good time, rain or shine. 

Jungfernsteig
As seen in the above image, Jungfernsteig is a waterfront promenade on the Binnenlaster. On land, explore a myriad of shops and department stores, cafes and independent shops in historical, Neoclassical buildings. The name, Jungfernsteig came about as a tradition of wealthy Hanseaten families who flaunted their unmarried daughters for eligible bachelors.  

Speicherstadt
This warehouse district is a popular place to wander and admire meandering canals, graffiti bridges, historic architecture and locals living their daily life. UNESCO claimed this a world heritage site on July 5, 2015 alongside with the Kontorhaus and Chilehaus displays the largest warehouses in the world. One may consider that the name Chilehaus is a unique name for a German building. And that is true. Built in the 1920's by a local shipping magnate, Henry Sloman, one of the richest in Hamburg, made his fortune trading saltpeter with Chile. 

Poggenmühlen-Brücke
​Located in Speicherstadt, this bridge is a hot spot for marvelous photos of the warehouse district. The bridge itself is nothing spectacular besides being pieces of metal floating above water, but most images you see of this district come from the bridge. Sunset is a popular time where the sun reflects off the brick and stone. igniting golden rays of warm hues painted alongside the brick. 

St. Michael Church
One cannot visit an ancient German city without visiting one of the most prominent churches in town. Located in Altstadt, is the city's most famous Baroque church. Built in the 17th Century, the church features a 132-meter dark cupola at the top of the tower, which is visible from any part of town. The church has had its fair share of high and low moments. In 1750, the tower was struck by lightening, causing the tower to fall and crumble. The tower was also damaged by a fire in 1912, and luckily "avoided" extensive damage from World War II. The church's crypt holds the remains of 2,425 bodies including composer Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. The 106-meter observation deck is open and features a stunning view of the harbor. 

Kunsthalle
Nearby the hauptbahnhof (central train station), is one of Germany's most prominent art museums. In my opinion, Berlin has the best, but Hamburg is worth the visit. Explore a mix of fine art and modernism with old and new timer artists such as Rembrandt, Goya and Canelleto, Picasso, Warhol and Kircher. 

Sankt Pauli - St. Pauli District & the Reeperbahn
A district where, sin, sex and prostitution thrives, the young and the old come here to "make a party." Alive day and night, there some bouts of normalcy exist with clothing shops, restaurants and art galleries. Although the seediness is controlled, this neighborhood has a history of dancing with the devil. As a port city, sailors have long come to the shores of Hamburg and made way to the St. Pauli District for entertainment after many months at sea. After a consistent amount of time of landlocked mermaids luring sailors of the sea in between the sheets, this is how the red light district originated.  

​How did you spend a day in Hamburg? 

Let's Connect!

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to How to Spend a Day in Hamburg, Germany.

Hannover is not Germany's most popular tourist destination, but it is getting it's name on the map. With so many affordable things to do and see, it is impossible to discover Hannover in one to two days. If you're  looking for a mix of history and natural outings, these are some of the best things to do and see while visiting Hannover. 

Explore the Rathaus
The Rathaus, or the “city hall” is the most charming architectural structure in Hannover. Take time to walk the grounds and soak up the serene atmosphere.  The building’s reflection from across the pond is the perfect spot for a photograph. 

Inside the Rathaus, visitors explore the history and visuals of what life was like when Hannover originated. You’ll also find structures that depict the destruction of Hannover after World War Two. In the lobby there is a tourist office to buy tickets for the roof. The elevator ride is worth the few euros alone.  Before getting in the elevator, be sure to read the signs depicting more historical facts about Hannover. At the top, there are several viewpoints that feature 360-degree views of the city.

Walk The Red Thread
Hannover’s Red Thread is a self-guided walking tour that journeys through the heart of Hannover. This 4,200-meter red painted line contains 36 significant stops featuring the best of Hannover’s past and history.
 
This do-it-yourself walking tour is simple. Just follow the red line. If you want more out of the tour, purchase the Red Thread handbook for three euros from the Tourism Office located across from the Hauptbanhof. I recommend the book as it explains a wealth of knowledge about the monuments and architecture and other cool secrets. Books are available in English and German.

 I recommend taking your time and exploring one of the cafes along the Red Thread. Check out my Noteworthy “Essen und Trinken” Cafes along Germany’s Red Thread.

The Red Thread also tours through Altstadt, which is the best place to visit to see the old architecture of Hannover, which was technically rebuilt after the wall. Important landmarks are the Marktkirche, the Leibnizhaus and water tower near the river. The Teestubchen is the perfect place to sit in Ballhofplatz and enjoy a cup of tea. There are so many places to eat and drink that you can find a place that suits you on my 20 Buzz-worthy cafes in Hannover. Old Town is a perfect spot to try a slice of German cake. With so many choices, check out more on my Hannover Cake Connoisseur Blog and discover what place (or cake) is best for you!

Georgengarten & the Herrenhauser Garten
The gardens and trails in this park system is a quintessential Hannoverian thing to do. Locals barbecue on the grounds, walk the trails and enjoy the architecture and special events inside in the Herrenhauser Garten. Autumn is one of the most photogenic seasons on trail. 

Walk Maschsee 
One of the most popular areas in Hannover is Maschsee (Masch Lake). This 6-kilometer walk around the lake is the perfect afternoon stroll. You’ll find locals rollerblading, walking or biking around the quiet lake. There are plenty of cafes and beer gardens dotted around the lake so don’t worry about going hungry. My favorite is Pier 51 bar and lounge and the biergarden at the Aspira and the outdoor café connected to the Marriot Hotel. If you are in Hannover for Vater’s Tag (Father’s Day) in May, head to Maschsee to discover how “herrens” celebrate Father’s day by pulling wagons and playing drinking games around the lake.

Holländische Kakao-Stube – Mitte
Whether you’re looking for a slice of heaven or the best cake in Hannover, you’ll find it at the Kakao-Stube. Located nearby the Opera House (near stop 3) and the Kröpcke clock, veer off onto Ständehausstrasse and look out for the Blue and White sign with a little Dutch girl on it.

Once you walk in you’ll feel as if you walked back into time with flashbacks of the Netherlands in 1921 where blue and white tiles cover the wall and staircases are covered with “gold” handrails. Here is where the real journey begins. Admire the cakes, torts and tarts behind the glass and “scratch and sniff” the homemade goods located next to the cash register. For Hannover, this café is a bit pricier, but by American standards to get a coffee and a slice of cake between five to seven Euros is a hell of a deal.
 
In this café, you’ll order your cake at the counter and then bring your ticket to a table. Don’t worry if the ladies don’t smile at you. It’s Northern Germany and smiling is optional. This is the place where born and raised Hanoverians hang out so . But, it’s by far the BEST cake and most historical café in Hannover. Check out their website for pictures of the café before and after World War II.
 
What should I get? EVERYTHING, but if you must choose one – Frankfurter Kranz (see below).​

Markethalle
​Whether you’re seeking some fresh fruit or a meal, you can find everything café-related here. Sadly, the markhalle doesn’t look anything like the original since post-war architecture chose the most bleak and boring designs (sorry to my architecture friends who may find this offensive).  If you want a serious plate of pasta, stop at one of the bei Cüneyt stands. You get a massive plate of vegetarian or meat-based pasta or rice dish for only four euros! For the BEST brochens and chocolate croissant I’ve ever had, visit the Das Statement stall. 

If you desire another "kaffee pause" a  block from Markethalle is Machwitz  Kaffee, a local coffee company in operation since 1883.  

Cultural Centers in Linden
The Linden neighborhood is the “Berlin” of Hannover. Quirky and ultra-liberal, Café Glocksee and Faust and Mephisto are two cultural centers to photograph graffiti or catch a cheap musical performance. At Faust, you can enjoy a latte at Nachbar or purchase some cheap antiques and goods at the Sunday flea market (warm months only).

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to 8 Things You Must Do When Visiting Hannover.

What's your Must-Do while in Hannover? Check out our other Hannover blogs:
Best World War II Sites in Hannover, Germany7 Noteworthy “Essen und Trinken” Cafes along Hannover, Germany’s Red Thread 6 Amazing Places for Summer Swimming in Hannover​10 Cheap & Free Things to do in Hannover, Germany

Berlin, Germany’s Capital city, has gone through several changes throughout the last one-hundred years. From World War II to Communism to today’s hipster-chic culture, Berlin is one of the most visited in Germany. No matter where you go in the city, marks and architecture still reflect Germany’s past and its division between East and West Germany. Whether you’re searching for museums or interesting architecture, here are some interesting communistic spots in Berlin.

The Berlin Wall
The GDR constructed the barbed wire and concrete “Antifascistischer Schutzwall,” or “antifascist bulwark," on August 13, 1961 to keep the Western Germany "fascists," out of the East. Various checkpoints at the wall allowed visitors to come in and out of East and West Germany, and those who tried to escape or climb over the wall were often shot and killed. The wall came down on November 9, 1989 when the GDR announced that anyone could come and go as they please. The citizens were ecstatic and held big parties, specifically near the Brandenburg Gate. Throughout Berlin travelers will notice plaques on top of a red brick line depicting where the wall once stood, and pieces of the wall that still stand today. 

For significant pieces of the wall, check out the Berlin Wall Memorial on Bernauer Strasse, the wall near the Topography of Terror on Niederkirchnerstrasse/Wilhelmstrasse, or the East Side Gallery near Ostbahnhof. 

Berliner Fernsehturm
This television tower is Berlin’s iconic GDR symbol. Constructed between 1965-1969 by the GDR, the intentions of the tower was a symbol of communistic power, which broadcasted five FM programs. Located in Berlin-mitte, near Alexandarplatz, this 368-meter tower now contains a revolving restaurant, which has a visibility of up to 26 miles.

Alexanderplatz
Pre World War II, Alexanderplatz was the hotspot for Berliners. Post war, the commies built the square with sterile and unassuming architecture, which became the center of military parades and party events. In 1953, several anti-government demonstrators were shot dead during the anti-communist uprising. Here, travelers also find statues of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.  

Stalinallee / Karl-Marx-Allee
This area was destroyed during World War II and post war rebuilt by the GDR as an extensive socialist boulevard between 1952-1964. Between 1949-1961, the boulevard was named Stalineallee, but later renamed after Karl Marx in the fifties during the split of East and West Germany. The Allied zone occupied by the West and the Soviet Zone occupied by the East, has distinct differences still seen today. 
At the intersection of Karl-Marx-Allee and Frankfurter Allee, is Frankfurter Tor, or Frankfurt Gate, a large square that contains the prominent Socialist towers. 

Verkehrsberuhigte Ostzone 
This underground communist bar is a dive bar decorated in communist memorabilia. It's a good pit stop for a cheap beer and to reminisce over the "good old days" and countless propaganda posters. 

DDR Museum
Located directly on the River Spree, is the former government district of East Germany. The museum features exhibitions with three distinct areas such as the public life, state and ideology and life in a block tower. Highlights include interrogation room, prison cell, cinema and surveillance room. 

Checkpoint Charlie
This US Army station is the last checkpoint before headed into East Berlin. Today, a replica exists where guards stand at the station offering photographs and "visa stamps." The great news of today, is that McDonald's is just behind. How American! 

​For Kaffee und Kommunism try Cafe Sibylle, an over 50-year old neighborhood coffeeshop that proudly served East Germany cake and coffee during communism. It is important to check if the cafe is still in operation. In 2018, they lost the lease due to renovations and were deciding to relocate. 

Mauer Museum Haus Am Checkpoint Charlie
​The museum located next to Checkpoint Charlie is a place to discover more about DDR and how German citizens fled East Germany. Checkpoint Charlie was one of the most significant border crossing spots. One of the most significant escapes was a family who engineered a hot air balloon, which was the prize possession for two families escape out of East Germany. 

Marzahn-Hellersdorf
Marzahn has transformed from communist to hipster. This traditional communistic, uniform high-rise block housing is not aesthetically pleasing, unless you adore architecture that looks similar to prison chambers. But, this neighborhood is a significant representation of Berlin's past. Once bleak and dreary, the row housing received a facelift, which is now painted with bright colors. The 18-story "Flower Tower" is one of Berlin's most popular facade design. In Marzahn there are plenty of viewpoints to overlook the intimidating neighborhood as well as the city of Berlin. Try the 70-meter "Skywalk" located on the 21st floor of the block at Raoul-Wallenberg-Straße 40/42. Or, walk on the "cloud" known as the "Wolkenhain" is an observation tower overlooking the Gardens of the World. The park also features a cable car that ascends to the 102-meters summit of the Kienberg to the Wolkenhain. See what it was like to live in 1986 east Germany at the Museumswohnung WBS 70. 
It's a former GDR apartment, now turned into a museum furnished with traditional artifacts and furnishings from that era. 

Neue Wache
This “New Guardhouse” is the Central Memorial of the Federal Republic of Germany for the Victims of War and Dictatorship. This monument represents three phases of German history: The War of Liberation, victims of WW1 and the victims of fascism from GDR & WW2. Inside is the Käthe Kollwitz's Pietà statue of her holding her dead son. The underground room contains the remains of an unidentified soldier and resistance soldier and the soil from the battlefields and concentration camp.

Red + Green Man on Stop Lights
One way to know you are in East Germany is by the cross walk signals. East Germans replaced traditional cross walk signals from the West to use Ampelmännchen, the little red and green mans. Those signals were almost replaced, but East Germans demanded to keep these signals, which are still seen today. 

What's your favorite communism landmark or spot in Berlin?

Check out our other Blogs on Berlin: 
A Walking Tour of Unter den Linden: Berlin's Most Prominent & Historical Street​
10 Significant WW2 Sites to Visit in Berlin, Germany

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to In Search of Communism in Berlin.

Hannover is my German “home city.” I lived there for nearly 1.5 years in 2014-2015, and during that time explored the various World War II sites in town. Many people do not realize that Hannover was demolished in World War II, being one of the most destroyed cities in Germany. 

The Weimar Republic ended once Hitler became of the Chancellor of the Reich on January 30, 1933.  During the war, 88 air raids destroyed over fifty-percent of the city, with over 90% of the downtown destroyed. The first raid occurred in May 1940, destroying factories, residential communities and monuments. 

Downtown looks a bit like Dortmund with post war architecture, sadly that was rebuilt upon once beautiful medieval architecture. Even today, there are occasional bomb threats in Sudstadt where Nazis once planted bombs underground; thus, history still exists today. If searching for a bit of history while  meandering Hannover, here are some interesting World War II sites you can’t miss.

Rathaus
The Rathaus is Hannover's city hall building. The bomb raids damaged the Rathaus, though not nearly as bad as other buildings in town. Inside, guests can look at models of the city's foundations as well as pre and post war city structure. 

Aegidien-church Hannover
Located near Mitte and Altstadt are the remains of the once operating Aegidien church. The church like most of Hannover was destroyed during the bomb raids. Today the exterior exists, with ivy and plaques plastered alongside the brick façade. This is quit a photogenic spot during the fall season when the ivy turns fiery red, a symbol of Germany’s past.  
​
Air Raid Shelter
Located in Deisterplatz, Hannover, is a spire-looking building, which was once an air raid shelter. Labelled “Bunker Number 8,” began operation on May 26, 1941. The bunker could fit 698 individuals, but during air raids locals rushed into the shelter exceeding capacity.

Altstadt
Old town looks old, but technically is not. The original old town was bombed to pieces during the war and what you see today was rebuilt in the 1950’s in the original design. Since the Leibnizhaus was also destroyed, they recreated the building in Old Town, which is not its original location. Inside the notable Marktkirche, one can see historic images of the bombing remains of Old Town and the church. The church lost it’s dome, and was also rebuilt post war.

The Golden Plaques
In Hannover and throughout Germany, you'll notice golden plaques on the ground. Often times these plaques are in front of apartment buildings, or areas where an apartment once stood. These plaques are in honor of Jewish people who were taken from their home and sent to a concentration camp. The plauques include the person or family's name as well as their dreadful camp. 

Memorials Alongside Maschsee
The Maschsee is an artificial lake with quit a history. Today locals sachet the lake and enjoy a beer at one of the many beer gardens alongside the lake, but this luxury came with a cost for the German people. The operation of the lake occurred between 1930-1933 to provide jobs during Hannover’s Great Depression. This was perfect for the Nazi party and used in their propaganda messaging to reduce the 30% unemployment rate; however, this project idea existed before the Nazis took power. The completion and opening of the project occurred on May 21, 1936, and eventually used by locals and Nazi troops goose-stepping around the perimeter. During the air raids, canvasses covered the lake with fake landscapes to confuse the bombers on the whereabouts of their hiding. 

Along the lake, you’ll notice signs for Hannover’s book burning and the Bismarck Tower that once existed. Nazi statues such as the Siegessäule which rises a good 20 meters in the air. This is of a strong Aryan man who holds the Olympic fire in his hand, which erected in 1936. At the bottom is an inscription that translates to something similar, "Will to build / gave blessed hands / the blessing of work / joy, health and strength / donation henceforth ... The lake! / 1934-1936." 
The “Lion Bastion” (Löwenbastion) are two lion sculptures often associated with the Nazi party. The controversial artist Arno Breker, as born in 1900 in Germany and was one of the most famous artists in the Third Reich. He worked together with others including Albert Speer and marched in the wake of Hitler 1940 in his former homeland of France. He was shot in 1944.
While walking Maschsee, be sure to check out the Cemetery of Honor on the north end, across the street.

The Cemetery of  Honor
This small cemetery is on the north bank of Maschsee. Buried here are 386 forced laborers who came from various parts of Europe and died in Hannover at the end of the second World War. Nearly half, 156 buried souls were victims of a mass execution that occurred on April 6, 1945 at  Stadtfriedhof Seelhorst, just four days before the Americans arrived. 

The  Seelhorst cemetery also contains a memorial for the Hannover bomb raid victims. The other World War II cemetery is adjacent to Hannover called The Hannover War Cemetery, located at Harenberger Meile, 30926 Hannover, Germany.

Lister Turm
Located in Liste, and nearby the notable forest, is one of Hannover’s most popular beer gardens. Packed day and night, come early (or late) to enjoy a (massive) mass and some excellent Greek food. Be sure to check out the building and surrounding plaques that note World War Two history. Be sure to check out the building and surrounding plaques that note World War Two history, where many people, specifically women were killed. Besides death, Lister Turm has a rich history of selling beer for over 100 years. On the way to the  beer hall from the forest, you’ll notice various plaques or statues that commemorate a victim or tragic event from the war. ​

​There are so many other World War II spots in Hannover, and just meandering around town you'll find something new or a memorial that commemorates a lost soul or soldier. What is your favorite World War II spot in Hannover? 

Let's Connect! 

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to Best World War II Sites in Hannover, Germany.

Berchtesgaden, Germany is a majestic village that will forever hold a place in my heart. After surviving World War Two, my family lived here, working at a displacement camp before immigrating to the United States in 1951. Rediscovering my roots brought tears to my eyes and light to my soul. Visiting Berchtesgaden is an easy day trip from Salzburg and a doable day trip from Munich. 

Whether you visit for a day or overnight, these are some of the best places and spaces to visit. 

Get a Bird's Eye View
This tiny town originated in 1120AD when the Augustaner Monks built a small church, which expanded to the monastery. The village sits on a hill and an indiscreet trail climbs the side of the town. It's not a designated trail but rather follow the tiny road up the hill eventually to an open green space that overlooks the town as seen in the image above. 

German War Graves Cemetery 
War memorials are commonly seen throughout Germany, and this cemetery is dedicated to the German men who risked their lives for the "Vaterland" in World War One and Two. Meandering  the graveyard is an interesting experience. In one way the graveyard is beautiful and the tombstones are dressed with multitude of flowers, ivy and gold lettering. In a different light, it's astonishing to see how young these men were, some barely 18, dying for their country. In a mix of beauty and sadness, and makes one appreciate the life we have today. 

Gasthof zum Neuhaus
Take a break and enjoy an authentic German food at one of the oldest restaurants in town. Operating since 1576, Gasthof offers odds and ends of vegetarian options like potatoes, pumpkin soup, knudels and purple cabbage. During the summer, enjoy the outdoor biergarten with the opportunity to people watch.  

Hofbräuhaus Berchtesgaden
​Operating since 1645, this historic beer hall is another hotspot for good Bavarian food and traditional German beer. Upbeat and lively, don't be surprised if you see a boatload of people dressed in lederhosen and dirndls. 

War Remembrance Mural
Located on one side of Schlossplatz is an arcade (shops) that contains a war mural. The artwork depicts a variety of scenes from the tragedy of war to young soldiers saying goodbye to their family before heading off to battle. 

Marktplatz
The central meeting point in Altstadt, enjoy a variety of souvenir shops, cafes, building facades with painted murals and historical high notes.  Operating since the village's origins in 1102AD, thousands of souls have passed, bartered and meandered these streets. Don't forget to visit, or throw a coin into, the Market Square Fountain (Marktplatz Brunnen), erected in 1558 and today, is still a popular meeting point. 

Berchtesgadener Handwerkskunst
Tucked away in a little blue building is one of the most impressive shops in town. The "hand work art" are precious wooden treasures for any and every season. From Christmas smokers to little bird whistles, everything is made and painted by hand. It's well worth window shopping even if you don't plan to buy anything. 

Obersalzberg & Hotel zum Turken
Located a short bus ride from the Berchtesgaden transport station is Obersalzberg, a place where nazi ruins and alpine beauty unite. Here Hitler's retreat, Eagle's Nest, is now a restaurant that overlooks the valley. For a few euros, enter the bunker system under the Hotel zum Turken's bunker. Down below, is a two-level museum of cellars, hidden rooms and narrow hallways that contain the dark mysteries and eerie remains of Hitler's underground bunker. 

What's your favorite place in the village? Let us know and we can add it to the list. 

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to 10 Must Visit Places & Spaces in Berchtesgaden, Germany. 

​Let's Connect! 

​The point is that you should always contain yourself. Things are messy in Germany and in 2016, the Oktoberfest was fenced in for the first time. Double check the Oktoberfest website to see if you can still bring in a backpack as day packs have been prohibited at various events due to terrorism. 

​In today's age, things happen so quickly so its important to have your wits about you. In 2016, a young man took advantage of a young female Asian tourist, but luckily cops noticed this in the park and aided the situation. The landscape of German culture has changed drastically since 2015 and there's no room to be naive in such situations that do not feel right. ​

What's your favorite part of Oktoberfest?

Dear Friends, 

Hope you are having a lovely summer. I have applied for the Weleda Global Garden Contest and hoping you can take a moment to vote for me? Weleda is a holistic German product line and is looking for a blogger and creative artist to explore their meadows, gardens and farms located around the world. As someone who lives by the motto, "a lifestyle inspired by nature" and created The Lemon Tree, nature, travel and interconnectedness between man, earth and cultures is not only important to me, it is my lifestyle. 

Nature is what peaks my curiosity and inspires my creativity. I believe the birds, flowers and everything created is a messenger and a reflection to our inner and outer world. 

I need to make it into the top 6 for the USA, and from there Weleda chooses one of us to go to Germany this fall to compete to become the "chosen one." Voting ends 9/10 and the winner of each country will be announced on 9/12/17. The vote is official once you click on the confirmation link in your email inbox. Weleda does not store emails. 

Click here to vote today or follow this direct link: https://www.weledaglobalgarden.com/usa/candidate/2594

Thank you for your time and consideration. 
​Elizabeth 

As Germany’s main international airport hub, Frankfurt is a popular destination for busines and international travelers who arrive with intentions of heading elsewhere.  Frankfurt doesn’t attract mass tourism like Berlin, Munich and Hamburg, but still has plenty of historic sites to see in an afternoon’s time while waiting for a train or a flight. Go ahead and skip modern Frankfurt, and indulge in the history of Frankfurt am Main. 
 

Schindler’s Memorial Plaque
Adjacent to the Hauptbanhof is the home of where Oskar Schindler, the man who saved 1,200 Jews at Auschwitz, lived between 1965 and 1974.  On the facade, a plaque rests in honor of his bravery in World War II.
Am Hauptbahnhof 4, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany

Goethehaus - Goethe’s Home and Museum
On August 28, 1749, at the strike of midday, or twelve, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born. This is the home where Johann and his sister Cornelia. Goethe is known as the “Shakespeare of Germany,” and is one of the most prolific writers in western civilization.  In 1733, Goethe’s grandmother purchased the home. The house was destroyed during the war and rebuilt with original belongings. The museum is insight into Goethe’s life and a walk through 18th Century aristocratic luxury. Visitors will see everything from a 1700’s kitchen to Goethe’s writing desk. The museum is a must visit and nearly one mile from Hauptbanhof.

Altstadt – Old Town
Cute, quaint and small, Altstadt is one of the few remaining historical areas in Frankfurt and is a short walk from Goethe’s home. No matter what Old Town you visit while in Germany, Altstadt is the center of where every city began. Frankfurt’s beginnings date back to 794, but sadly, because of World War II only part of the Old Town has been preserved. The Römerberg is the central square where you’ll discover ancient buildings and German restaurants and cafes.
 
Eat lunch or grab a coffee at Haus Wertheym, an authentic German restaurant serving traditions since 1479. Not only is the food excellent, with plant-based options, inside contains an array of historic artifacts from ancient pots to weathered signs. During the late spring and early summer, order the white asparagus soup, a German favorite. 

Kaiserdom Sankt Bartholomäus – St. Bartholomew Church  
This is the most impressive imperial church in the city. The church was built during the 14th and 14th Century and the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire were crowned here. 

Alte Nikolaikirche and Paulskirche are two other noteworthy churches located in Altstadt. 

Riverfront Promenade & Old Bridges
Frankfurt am Main refers to the river that flows through the city. There are eight bridges in Frankfurt with Alte Brücke ("Old Bridge"), the 11th Century bridge and the 1868 Eiserner Steg ("Iron bridge") tied for first place in popularity. Walk the promenade or take a river cruise, the choice is yours but hanging out here is a way to see the locals enjoy simple and thoughtful living. 

From here retire your afternoon by walking back to the train station to catch your train, bus or flight. I completed this itinerary in four hours, while spending one hour at the Goethehaus.  

What's your favorite Frankfurt site or landmark?

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to How to Spend an Afternoon in Frankfurt, Germany. 

Munich is one of Germany’s most popular tourist destinations. Steeped with history and excellent beer gardens, travelers flock to Munich to “taste” a bit of ancient Germany.

Altstadt, or Old Town, is the heart, or origin, of every German city and Munich is no exception to having an impressive Old Town. Altstadt is Munich’s core and though there are plenty of tourists, you’ll find room to breathe as you discover sites and landmarks around the Altstadtring circular road. Best seen on foot, get lost in the beauty of ancient buildings and traditional markets in this tour of Munich’s Old Town.

Sadly, much of Old Town got bombed during WW2, so what you see today is the reconstruction of many historic buildings. 
 
Lion Statues
Munich means, “by the monks.” Munich originated in the 800’s, settled by monks. Henry the Lion officially founded the town in 1158. Throughout Old Town, you’ll notice plenty of lion statues, which symbolizes Munich’s roots. 

Marienplatz (Mary’s Square) 
This is the origins of where the monk Benedict monk settlers came thousands of years ago. The original marketplace originated in 1158, and although the names of the markets have changed, today it is still the site of produce, meat and Christmas markets. The early market roots are seen from the fish fountain (Fischbrunnen). The fountain dates back to 1318, but the chubby fish you see today is from 1954. Check out the Virgin Mary Column (Mariensäule) in front of the new town hall. Created in 1590 and is an important part of Munich’s history where Maximillian the 1st declared Mary as a protector of the city during troubled times in 1638. 

Neues Rathaus (New Town Hall) & Glockenspiel
Between 1801 and 1861, Munich’s population increased from 40,000 to 120,000, which led to the construction of a new city hall. Construction began in 1867 and this Gothic structure took 40 years to complete. Today, travelers congregate around the largest Glockenspiel in Germany. Equipped with 43 bells, the 15-minute performance takes place every hour depicting Munich’s history with mechanical figures. The upper level shows the marriage of Duke Wilhelm the Fifth and the lower level shows the Dance of the Coppers (Schäfflertanz).

Altes Rathaus (Old City Hall)
This medieval town hall dates back to 1310 and became the city’s official government center in 1395. The tall bell tower called Valley Fort Tower’s façade contains an astrological clock. Sadly, WW2 bombings destroyed the original old town hall, so what you see today is a replica of the old building. In 1938, Joseph Goebbels gave one of his famous speeches here.

Hofbräuhaus – Royal Court Brewhouse
This is Munich’s most popular brew house. A must visit for beer and bretzel lovers, Duke Wilhelm V started Hofbräuhaus in 1589. Instead of shipping one of his favorite beers from Hannover, Germany, this magical brewpub opened in 1607 to brew wheat beer strictly for the royal family and their guests, which included Mozart and Empress Sisi. Hitler also held meetings here during the Nazi occupation.

Viktualienmarkt
Victuals is the Latin word for “food.” This daily market, known as “The Stomach of the City,” originated as a simple farmers market in the 1700’s known as “Green Market.” Today, there are over 100 vendors and six sections of the market including the shaded beer garden. It’s not uncommon to find men wearing lederhosen enjoying a beer on a (semi) sunny afternoon. You’ll be able to spot the start of the market by the blue and white striped maypoles. Maypoles date back to Pre-Christian roots and symbolize fertility and luck. 

Frauenkirche – Church of our Lady
This is the largest Gothic church in the world and the largest brick church north of the Alps. The church was completed in 1488 and holds around 20,000 people. Legend has it that the architect made a deal with the devil. Wikipedia states, “The legendary ​Teufelstritt, or devil's footstep, stems from the large amount of light inside the Frauenkirche that seems to come from nowhere thanks to the large columns that block the view of the windows. According to legend, Jörg of Halspach made a deal with the devil that he could build a church that had a spot where not a single window could be seen from. From the vestibule, looking down the center aisle (as long as the high Baroque altar covered the windows at the very back of the church) there appeared to be no windows at all. The devil stamped his foot in a fit of pique, leaving his "footprint" on a paving stone immediately inside the entrance.”

Michaelskirches –Saint Michael’s Church
This is the largest Renaissance north of the Alps. Duke Wilhelm V ordered the construction in 1583, which lasted until1599. An impressive bronze sculpture of Archangel Michael fighting a demon-like Protestant, is not to be missed. 

.Sendlinger Tor (Gate)
This was Munich’s first city wall. The two towers were built in 1318 and remain as one of the three oldest gates still standing. 

Peterskirche - Peter's Church
A church with bad luck maybe a second name for this church. As Munich's first parish church, construction began in the 12th Century, damaged in a fire in 1327 and later struck by lightening in 1607. For several euros, climb the 306 steps to the top of the tower for one of the most spectacular views of the city. 

Theatinerkirche
Another Old Town favorite, this church was the result of a love story. In 1650, Elector Ferdinand married an Italian princess. They finally met after one year of being wed. After a decade of marriage, the couple still had not produced an heir. Ferdinand's wife fell deathly ill several times throughout their marriage. The couple prayed for a child and if it happened, they vowed to build a church in honor of Saint Cajetan of Theatine.

​What's your favorite place to visit in Munich? 

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to A Guide of the Best Historical Sites in Munich's Altstadt 

Berlin, the quirky and eccentric city that is, is known for it’s “poor but sexy” vibe. It is one of Germany’s most popular tourist cities, but ironically Berlin doesn’t fit the vibe for traditional Germany.

Sadly, World War II bombs blasted the city, leaving it ruins. Thanks to the “beauty” of 1950’s architecture, Berlin is a combination of the beautiful, the bold and the “fugly.” Post World War II architecture, in my opinion, isn’t the most glamorous style ever created.  Combined with communist architecture, it’s no wonder why Berlin is a world of its own.

The Lemon Tree loves all things citrus. If your German is rusty, you may not realize that “Unter den Linden” translates to “underneath the lime trees.” Although limes do not exist, one can feel the  deep roots of this city's remarkable history.

Today, Unter den Linden is Berlin’s most prominent and historic boulevard. The initial use was for a bridle path in 1573 and onwards that led from the city palace to Lietzow. In 1701, new architecture emerged alongside the street. And as fate had it during WW2, Unter den Linden was left in complete ruins.

Let’s take a walk together and discover the best sites, landmarks and statues along Unter den Linden.

Start your journey at the Berliner Dome (Cathedral), which is nearby the bus stop, "lustgarden," for the buses 100, 200 & N2. The cathedral sits between the river and the lustgarden. This land had buildings constructed in the 15th Century. The cathedral underwent construction in 1894 and in 1905 the cathedral had its first ceremony. This is one of the most popular buildings in Berlin.

The Berliner Dome shares a green/public space called the “lustgarden” with the 1830 Karl Friedrich Schinkel’s Altes Museum. Children play in the several water fountains and street artists flock to the corners to share their magic tricks. At this museum, you’ll notice the damage of old bullet holes that shaved off parts of the pillar from WW2.

​Here, Hitler conducted various speeches during the Nazi era. Today, the museum is home to ancient art and cultural artifacts including Greek, Roman and Etruscans art.

Behind Altes Museum are four other museums, Pergamon, Bode, Neues and Altes Nationalgalerie. 

Together, these five museums make up “Museum Island,” a term coined in 1870. Ancient artifacts like the wall of Babylon, the remains of Nefertiti and the Papyrus collection. These are world-class museums and check with the ticket counter for information regarding an all-day pass to these museums. 

It is easy to spend an entire day, or afternoon exploring the museums. These museums are worth the visit and some of the best I discovered in Europe. 

Besides historical paintings and grandiose sculptures, seeing the Babylonian Wall is one of the most amazing precious artifacts from human history. This is the point of human history that is fascinating, but least understood. 

Across the river from the Altes Museum is the Deutsches Historisches Museum, Zeughaus and a water taxi stand if you want to take a ride down stream. Admire the detailed gates alongside the river. Various historical figures, mainly Greco-Roman-like figures. Personally, I love mermaids so the symbolism of the half-man, half-creatures are symbolic to Germany's history that is steeped with Roman influence. 

Next, you’ll see a solo standing building called the Neue Wache. This “New Guardhouse” is the Central Memorial of the Federal Republic of Germany for the Victims of War and Dictatorship. This monument represents three phases of German history: The War of Liberation, victims of WW1 and the victims of fascism from GDR & WW2. Inside is the Käthe Kollwitz's Pietà statue of her holding her dead son. The underground room contains the remains of an unidentified soldier and resistance soldier and the soil from the battlefields and concentration camp. 

Next to the memorial is the grand-standing Humboldt University campus, which is named after Alexander von Humboldt’s brother. Wrought iron gates, touched with hints of gold, guard the university’s ground.

Across the street from the main gates is Staatsoper, or the Berlin Opera House.

Built between 1741 to 1743, the opera house has over 250 years in traditions including some of the world’s best composers and musicians gracing their “notes” with the audience. 

Make way toward Brandenburg Gate. You’ll walk past a shopping district chocked full of cafes, souvenir stores and banks. Vapiano is a European chain Italian café, and I recommend it for something quick and cheap. (The mista salad is my favorite!) Other than that I recommend eating and drinking at the museum cafes or at Humboldt University. 

Nearby the gate is a center-street park. Enjoy the calm atmosphere in this walkway park chocked full of trees flowing in the wind and people relaxing on park benches. 

Nearby the Brandenburg Gate is a public square. Near the patch of grass and the water fountain is DZ Bank, a mixed-use building that contains the artistry from the popular architect, Frank Gehry. 

Inside, the glass interior represents the common modern-style of architecture that is reflective in nature. Reflection plays a role in Berlin’s history, as their dark past is very reflective. 

Proceed to Brandenburg Gate, which is one of the most photogenic spots in Berlin. 

Be sure to discover the gate up, down and around. 

Discover all areas of Brandenburg Gate and from here head right to the popular Reichstag. From here you can discover the park behind Brandenburg Gate, which contains Der Rufer and the Monument of Soviet soldiers statue. There is also a café pavilion that serves hot food and café drinks. 

Next, head in the opposite direction and walk past the gate. End your walking tour on Ebertstrasse to check out the Jewish monument dedicated to those who died in the holocaust.  
From here you are not too far from Alexander platz, which is accessible via foot. Be sure to wear good walking shoes and I recommend walking on both sides of Unton den Linden. 

What's your favorite site along Unton den Linden? Let us know and we can add it to the list!

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Explore Berlin without getting lost with GPSmycity.com! Click here for the 10 Significant WW2 Sites to Visit in Berlin, Germany

Today, World War II still fascinates people. From trying to understand the Nazi regime to revealing Germany's dark past, visitors flock to Berlin to discover its Third Reich past. And today, many Germans are embarrassed and disgusted with their past, which is why certain events are not memorialized like you would see in America with the Revolutionary and Civil War. 

In my opinion, Germans should no longer be ashamed of their past. Since the world cannot turn back time, Germans should be proud of the safe and functioning society they re-built post WW2 and communism. 

No matter where you go in Berlin, almost every building, street and site has some sort of historical significance and linkage to the Third Reich and World War 2. If you're searching the past, these are some history-book worthy places to visit in Berlin. 

Anhalter Banhof (train station)
Anhalter is a former railway terminal station turned bunker in WW2. Opened in 1880, it was considered the most-grand train station in the world. People marveled at it's architecture and this "Gateway to the South" station served as the main platforms to get to international cities like Rome, Vienna & Athens. During WW2, Anhalter was one of three train stations to deport Jews to camps. Some 9.600 Jews left this station between 1941-1945. Air bombings demolished the station and this is what is left today.  

Lustgarten & Altes Museum
Lustgarten is an open green space surrounded by museums. Today, the Dom and the Altes Museum still stand, which were popular grounds during the Nazi era. Hitler gave several speeches on the museum's stairs and various celebrations like May Day took place on these grounds. 

​If you look closely at the pillars, or any older building in Berlin, you'll notice countless bullet holes.  

Templehof Airport
The airport's origins date back to medieval Berlin of the Knights Templar land, thus resulting in the name Templehof. The stoic-looking airport served the Nazis well during the war. Today Templehof serves as a convention center. Read more about it's timeline history here. 

Holocaust Memorial
Nearby the Brandenburg Gate is the memorial for the murdered Jews during WW2. Created by a NYC architect, Peter Eisenmann, visitors discover 2,711 concrete pillars varying in different heights to promote an uncomfortable feel. There is a visitor center next door that features 3 million names of Jewish people who were killed. 

Topography of Terror
This indoor and outdoor museum is the site where the Gestapo's offices once operated during the Third Reich. Here, you'll see torture cellars, a place for persecution and terror,  and discover it's own "house prison." The museum features a timeline of the rise and fall of Hitler. The museum is free, but guided headphones are an additional fee. The museum is nearby Potsdamer Platz. 

.Reichstag
Hitler was already in power as chancellor, so he was not a dictator yet. The Reichstag was a flash point for Hitler to take control. One night the Reichstag caught on fire, and a known Communist suspect was caught for this crime. In turn, Hitler declared Marshall Law and went after the Communist party in Germany. This building is significant to German government as its equivalent to The Capital building in DC. 

Kurfürstendamm - The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
Kurfürstendamm is one of the most popular avenues in Berlin. Constructed in the 1890's, this Protestant church sits in Breitscheidplatz and named after Kaiser Wilhelm, who initiated the construction. Today, the church remains are a memorial after being damaged in the November 23, 1943 air bombing raids. 

Flak Towers
Flak towers are gun platforms used during the war to protect Berlin from air raids. Many have been removed, but a few remain at Berliner Zoo, Humboldthain & Friedrichshain. Today, graffiti covers most of the facade. 

Führerbunker
Hitler and other high ranking officers used the Führerbunker as a place to work toward the end of the war when the Russians were getting close. Hitler and his wife, Eva, committed suicide by chewing cyanide capsules. Built in 1944, this concrete bunker sits 8.2 feet below the ground and housed Hitler in 1945. It is said that Hitler and Eva's bodies were taken outside, covered in gasoline and lit on fire. No memorial exists except for a small sign next to a parking lot. 
Address: In den Ministergärten 2, 10117, Berlin

German Resistance Memorial Centre
This museum is the dedication to the individuals who took action against the dictatorship between 1933-1945. The museum showcases images, documents and research from that era. Be sure to check out the courtyard, accessible from Stauffenbergstrasse, which is the center of "The Bendler Block." The "Bendler Block" is a set of historical buildings near Tiergarten Park and was once the site of Hitler's famous "lebensraum" (living area) in the east" speech on February 3, 1933. This is also the site where an attempt to overthrow the regime on July 20, 1944. 
​
This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to 10 Significant WW2 Sites to Visit in Berlin, Germany

Hannover is not a popular tourist destination like Munich, Berlin and Hamburg, but it is an amazing city to explore. With a blend of British or Germanic medieval culture, Hannover is a place to experience the best of Northern German culture.

The people may be cold, but the lattes are warm and the parks are inviting. One of Hannover’s best features is that is has plenty of cheap and free things to do. I personally do not find Hannover expensive, but with all the inexpensive things to do, it’s easy to travel here on the cheap.  

Northern Germans do not earn a lot of money (the average I heard is 1,800 euros per month), and the locals find plenty of inexpensive things to do, specifically in nature. With plenty of parks and urban spaces, Hannover is a city where nature meets concrete jungle. Get ready to save a pretty penny, well a euro, as you explore the best cheap and free things to do in Hannover. 

Walk The Red Thread
Hannover’s Red Thread is a self-guided walking tour that journeys through the heart of Hannover. This 4,200-meter red painted line contains 36 significant stops featuring the best of Hannover’s past and history.
 
This do-it-yourself walking tour is simple. Just follow the red line. If you want more out of the tour, purchase the Red Thread handbook for three euros from the Tourism Office located across from the Hauptbanhof. I recommend the book as it explains a wealth of knowledge about the monuments and architecture and other cool secrets. Books are available in English and German.

 I recommend taking your time and exploring one of the cafes along the Red Thread. Check out my Noteworthy “Essen und Trinken” Cafes along Germany’s Red Thread. 

Explore Old Town
Old Town is one of the most beautiful areas of Hannover. Sadly, the original architecture was bombed during World War Two, but was rebuilt to replicate the structures pre 1940’s. There are so many places to eat and drink that you can find a place that suits you on my 20 Buzz-worthy cafes in Hannover. Old Town is a perfect spot to try a slice of German cake. With so many choices, check out more on my Hannover Cake Connoisseur Blog and discover what place (or cake) is best for you!

Be sure to visit the Leibnizhaus (where I lived) and Ballhofplatz on Saturday mornings for free jazz during the summer months. The marktkirche (market church) is not to be missed! 

Shop at Hannover’s Flohmarkt “Flea Market”
Every Saturday, or least when the weather is nice; explore the historic flea market in “Altstadt,” or Old Town. Food and antique vendors set up along the Old Town “leine,” or river. Here you’ll find everything from antiques to hardware to old paintings. The flea market is affordable and it’s my favorite market in all of Europe. Read more atHannover, Germany's Flohmarkt: The Best Flea Market in Europe? 

Free Museum Friday
Every Friday the Hannover museums are free. I recommend visiting the Hannover History museum in Old Town to discover Hannover’s medieval and British-influenced history. Here you’ll find beautiful clothing from the 1800’s, historic paintings and even King George's carriage. Be sure to get an English headset from the front desk to discover some of the most unknown history about the city. 
For a complete list of qualifying museums, click here. 

Explore the Rathaus
The Rathaus, or the “city hall” is the most charming architectural structure in Hannover. Take time to walk the grounds and soak up the serene atmosphere.  The building’s reflection from across the pond is the perfect spot for a photograph. 

In side the Rathaus, visitors explore the history and visuals of what life was like when Hannover originated. You’ll also find structures that depict the destruction of Hannover after World War Two. In the lobby there is a tourist office to buy tickets for the roof. The elevator ride is worth the few euros alone.  Before getting in the elevator, be sure to read the signs depicting more historical facts about Hannover. At the top, there are several viewpoints that feature 360-degree views of the city.

Walk Maschsee 
One of the most popular areas in Hannover is Maschsee (Masch Lake). This 6-kilometer walk around the lake is the perfect afternoon stroll. You’ll find locals rollerblading, walking or biking around the quiet lake. There are plenty of cafes and beer gardens dotted around the lake so don’t worry about going hungry. My favorite is Pier 51 bar and lounge and the biergarden at the Aspira and the outdoor café connected to the Marriot Hotel. If you are in Hannover for Vater’s Tag (Father’s Day) in May, head to Maschsee to discover how “herrens” celebrate Father’s day by pulling wagons and playing drinking games around the lake.

Go Swimming
Hannover maybe landlocked, but has no shortages of fresh bodies of water. Various city and private establishments charge a couple euros entry for swimming, like the Aspira, but for something free head to the Maschsee Park Lakes, just south of Maschsee. Read more about what places to swim on my 6 Amazing Places for Summer Swimming in Hannover.

If you explore the Strandbad Hemmingen, check out the local “you pick” strawberry patch down the road. These are the best strawberries I’ve ever tasted. 

For indoor swimming, my favorite pool is Stadionbad, which is adjacent to Maschsee.

Find Nature
Besides Maschsee, two other popular public parks include the Georgengarten nearby the Herrenhauser Garten and the Eilenriede forest near the Zoo. Both are beautiful, spacious parks that radiates with serenity. At Georgengarten, locals “make a picnic,” and grill wursts on portable barbecues.  The forest is the perfect place to escape the city and get lost in the woods.

Cultural Centers in Linden
The Linden neighborhood is the “Berlin” of Hannover. Quirky and ultra-liberal, Café Glocksee and Faust and Mephisto are two cultural centers to photograph graffiti or catch a cheap musical performance. At Faust, you can enjoy a latte at Nachbar or purchase some cheap antiques and goods at the Sunday flea market (warm months only).

Eat & Drink at a Beer Garden
In Hannover, there are no shortages of beer gardens. In Germany, beer is cheaper than bottled water, and is part of a healthy German diet. Which beer garden should you visit? That’s hard to say, but this7 Beloved Beer Gardens in Hannover gives insight to what beer garden is best for you. The Lister Turm is a local favorite. 

What's your favorite cheap or free thing to do in Hannover? Let us know and we'll add it to the list!

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​This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to 10 Cheap & Free Things to do in Hannover, Germany

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