The Eastern European countries suffered greatly during World War II. Warsaw was no exception; in fact, this city suffered some of the most burdens during the war of all the Eastern countries. The Warsaw Uprising has strong connections to Poland's historic roots, which kept its country and culture in tact during a time of death and destruction. If searching for a bit of WWII history, be sure to visit these sites. 

Warsaw Uprising Museum
​If visiting Warsaw, the Warsaw Uprising Museum is a must to discover the hardship of the Polish during World War II. The Polish Underground Resistance initiated the uprising on August 1, 1944 as part of an anti-Nazi operation. This started a 63 day struggle of the Warsaw underground against the Nazis. Outside one experiences various images and paintings dedicated to those who died and the names of the people who served on the marble wall. The underground did not have enough weapons and most sacrificed their lives for the belief in saving Warsaw. Over 200,000 Polish citizens died. 

Warsaw was one of the most damaged cities during World War II, so much of what you see today in Old Town was rebuilt post war. Inside the museum, one sees images of the destruction as well as exploring various artillery used by the Poles. The Nazis destroyed about 85% of Warsaw including prominent cultural sites and centers such as St. John's Cathedral, the medieval Old Town and the Royal Castle.
Location: Grzybowska 79 Street

World War II Sites and Markings in Old Town
Throughout Old Town travelers notice a variety of plaques and markings that signify "special events" that occurred, or people who lived in these buildings that sacrificed their life during World War Two. Fragments of the Jewish Ghetto wall is marked on the ground with a plaque that outlines a former wall  between the ghetto and the "Aryan" part of town.  

The three best known parts of the ghetto are in the courtyards in 55 Sienna and 62 Złota Streets, and at 11 Waliców Street.

Waliców Street on Wola district contains the now abandon and ruined Jewish tenement house XIX Century. The Nazis bombed the house after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. The house was part of the Jewish ghetto between 1940 to 1942. Residents of the house included the popular Jewish poet, Władysław Szlengel and an opera singer, photographer and journalist Menachem Kipnis.
Location: Waliców 14 Street and Waliców 9/11 Street

Mausoleum of Struggle and Martyrdom 
Located in the Ministry of Education, this now museum once housed the headquarters of the Gestapo during Nazi occupation. This building was used as an interrogation center and the site where many Polish people were killed and tortured. Here mass executions also took place during the Warsaw Uprising. The basement stays to its original form where visitors see the many writings on the wall of past prisoners. 

The entry ticket also allows access to the The Pawiak Prison

Location: Aleja Szucha 25

The Pawiak Prison
Opened in 1836 as a political prison, the Russians created this prison who occupied Polish territory until 1915. The Nazis used this prison for the same purposes and some 100,000 Polish people died here. Approximately 37,000 were shot onsite and some 60,000 died in concentration camps. The Germans bombed the prison during the Uprising in 1944.  

The Tomb of an Unknown Solider
Warsaw dedicated this tomb to the soldiers who passed during World War I. During World War II, the Nazis bombed this tomb during the  bomb raids in December 1944, which was rebuilt after the war. 

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to Must Visit World War II Sites in Warsaw, Poland.

Warsaw, Poland's capital city, a place chocked full of history and culture. From cheap eats to fine art to discovering the impact of World War II on the Polish people, one discovers a bit of history amidst modern Polish living. When in Warsaw, skip the new part of the city and head to Old Town where much of the history lives today. 

Warsaw Uprising Museum
​If visiting Warsaw, the Warsaw Uprising Museum is a must to discover the hardship of the Polish during World War II. The Polish Underground Resistance initiated the uprising on August 1, 1944 as part of an anti-Nazi operation. Warsaw was one of the most damaged cities during World War II, so much of what you see today was rebuilt post war. Inside the museum, one sees images of the destruction as well as exploring various artillery used by the Poles. Outside one experiences various images and paintings dedicated to those who died and the names of the people who served on the marble wall.  

The Mermaid Statue
The mermaid is the symbol and protector of Warsaw. In fact the name Warsaw relates to the mermaid and it's story is quit a unique story. In Polish Warsaw is Warszawa. Wikipedia states, "Folk etymology attributes the city name to a fisherman, Wars, and his wife, Sawa. According to legend, Sawa was a mermaid living in the Vistula River with whom Wars fell in love."

According to Atlas Obscura, "The legend of the Warsaw mermaid, or “syrenka” in Polish, is a relatively simple one. She originated from the Baltic Sea, where (according to some versions of the story) she had a twin sister, the famous Little Mermaid of Copenhagen. The syrenka swam up the Vistula River until she was at what is now Warsaw’s old town. There, she saw some fishermen catching fish and decided to meddle with their nets and free the catch. 

The fishermen were angry at the meddlesome creature and tried to catch it, but once they saw the mermaid and heard her siren song they could not harbor any hate for her any longer. Later, the mermaid was captured by a rich merchant who wanted to haul her off as some kind of prize. But the fishermen would not have it and freed her from the greedy man’s clutches. The mermaid was thankful and promised to protect the fishermen and their homes from then on. From that moment, she became the city’s guardian and protector in times of need."

A copy of the statue resides in Old Town Market Place. The original statue was removed due to vandalism. 

And if he's still alive, the ires an old man who feeds pigeons every afternoon. Several times I've gone back to Warsaw and still found him there, living a simple, joyful life of feeding pigeons. 

Old Town Market Square
This square was once the epicenter of commercial life in Warsaw. This square is the most historic area in Old Town, and surrounded by Baroque and Renaissance facades that were once merchant's homes. Although post war replicas of what once stood, this square was rebuilt to it's original form. It is not uncommon to find artists in the square selling paintings and drawings. 

Shop for Handcrafted Goods
Poland is known for its amber jewelry. The Baltic region is the largest known deposit of amber, which makes the Baltic amber very special and "priceless" as the amber dates back to 44 million years ago. Amber shops are found throughout Old Town and other more affordable handcrafted goods can be found from independent makers who "set up shop" in and around the Royal Castle. 

Exploring the Traditional Cuisine
One cannot go to Poland without trying the traditional Polish food. From borscht to pirogies to cherry vodka to cabbage salads, there is an array of local food that is even suitable for vegetarians.

My favorite restaurant is Ceprownia located near the Warsaw University and nearby Old Town. The prices are affordable and the food is as authentic as the old lady in the kitchen. Don't forget to try the cherry vodka, which one can find at any traditional bar or Polish restaurant in town. 

If searching for a cheap meal, try one of the milk bars such as Prasowy, Bar Bambino or Wegetariański Bar Mleczny. 

Castle Square
In the middle of the castle square is a statue of the man, Zygmunt III Waza, the person responsible for Warsaw becoming Poland's capital city. In 1596, Poland's capital switched from Krakow to Warsaw, which became the center of Renaissance Europe's largest empire. The 22-meter high monument erected in 1664. 

​Here you'll also discover plenty of shops and streetside cafes. The cafes are not the cheapest in town, but you pay for what you get and travelers will pay for the ambience, which is hard to beat! 

National Museum in Warsaw
Founded in 1862, this museum contains over 830,000 works of art from local and international artists. Art lovers explore exquisite pieces from Polish masterpieces such as Jan Matejko and Wilhelm Sasnal.  

World War II Sites and Markings
Throughout Old Town travelers notice a variety of plaques and markings that signify "special events" that occurred, or people who lived in these buildings that sacrificed their life during World War Two. Fragments of the Jewish Ghetto wall is marked on the ground with a plaque that outlines a former wall  between the ghetto and the "Aryan" part of town.  The three best known parts of the ghetto are in the courtyards in 55 Sienna and 62 Złota Streets, and at 11 Waliców Street.

Nicholas Copernicus Monument
The founder of modern astronomy comes from the Polish town, Toruń. The large statue stands before the Staszic Palace, the seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences and surrounded by the bronze Copernicus solar system underneath. This statue has quit the historic past. Erected in 1830, during the second world war, the Nazis placed a plaque on the statue, claiming Copernicus was German. On February 11, 1942, a boy scout called Alek Dawidowski snuck around the guards and removed the plaque. Obviously, the Nazis were not happy and decided to hide the statue. 

According to Wiki, "In response, on 21 February, the Germans moved Warsaw's statue of Jan Kiliński to the National Museum in Warsaw. Dawidowski and his comrades retaliated by placing a large graffito on the Museum ("People of Warsaw—I am here. Jan Kiliński") and on 13 March adding a new plaque to the Copernicus monument: "For removal of the Kiliński statue, I am extending the winter by two months. Kopernik."

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to 10 Cultural Things You Must Do and See in Warsaw.

Check out our other travel blogs about Poland: 
Historical Sites You Can't Miss in WarsawDiscovering Krakow's Jewish Culture & Heritage
A Traveler's Guide to the Best Cultural Spots in Krakow, Poland
​12 Must-Visit Historical Sites in Krakow, Poland

Warsaw, like any other European city, is steeped in history. Most people think of Warsaw's history rooting to World War II and communism, but often forget about its medieval roots and intelligent minds like Copernicus, that made Warsaw what it is. Sadly, Warsaw got destroyed during the war, so in Old Town many of the facades you see were actually rebuilt post war, but in its original form. 

If wanting to understand Warsaw's past, be sure to explore these historical sites and landmarks. 

Old Town
Old Town Warsaw is where it all began, and sadly nine-tents of Warsaw was destroyed during the war.
This sea of rubble became one of the most destroyed cities in Europe, and was rebuilt through 1962. 
This is the area where you'll see the majority of historical sites in town. Warsaw became an official city in 1323, and today there is no shortage of streetside cafes and shops waiting to be explored. 

In the summer time, the streets are alive with musicians, street artists and locals enjoying life at the many outdoor cafes. In Old Town, some of the old ways of living and enjoying life in Europe are experienced throughout town. 

Royal Castle
What you see today is the result of years worth of though constructed into genius architecture. The origins date back to the 14th Century where a tower and some wooden buildings once stood. The current structure's construction began at the end of the 16th Century and former rulers demanded several expansions throughout the centuries. A large portion of the castle was damaged in 1939 and later other areas destroyed in 1944. The castle is available for viewing, and visitors meander through many large and small rooms depicting life from the noble perspective. There are a collection of paintings inside the castle from masters like Rembrandt, van Dyck, Joos van Cleve and Gainsborough.

Royal Route & Castle Square
The Royal Route is a is a former communication route that led southward from the origins in Castle Square. Today, some of the most historic landmarks and sites exist on the route to Wilanów (King Jan III Sobieski's personal residence). The route links three of city's royal residences: the Royal Castle, tazienki Park's Palace on the Island and Wilanow Palace. The 11 kilometer route passes through some of the most prominent parks, churches, monuments, historic buildings and architectural wonders in town. Click here for the list of sites along the Royal Route. 

In the middle of the castle square is a statue of the man, Zygmunt III Waza, the person responsible for Warsaw becoming Poland's capital city. In 1596, Poland's capital switched from Krakow to Warsaw, which became the center of Renaissance Europe's largest empire. The 22-meter high monument erected in 1664. 

Nicholas Copernicus Monument
The founder of modern astronomy comes from the Polish town, Toruń. The large statue stands before the Staszic Palace, the seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences and surrounded by the bronze Copernicus solar system underneath. This statue has quit the historic past. Erected in 1830, during the second world war, the Nazis placed a plaque on the statue, claiming Copernicus was German. On February 11, 1942, a boy scout called Alek Dawidowski snuck around the guards and removed the plaque. Obviously, the Nazis were not happy and decided to hide the statue. 

According to Wiki, "In response, on 21 February, the Germans moved Warsaw's statue of Jan Kiliński to the National Museum in Warsaw. Dawidowski and his comrades retaliated by placing a large graffito on the Museum ("People of Warsaw—I am here. Jan Kiliński") and on 13 March adding a new plaque to the Copernicus monument: "For removal of the Kiliński statue, I am extending the winter by two months. Kopernik."

The Mermaid Statue
The mermaid is the symbol and protector of Warsaw. In fact the name Warsaw relates to the mermaid and it's story is quit a unique story. In Polish Warsaw is Warszawa. Wikipedia states, "Folk etymology attributes the city name to a fisherman, Wars, and his wife, Sawa. According to legend, Sawa was a mermaid living in the Vistula River with whom Wars fell in love."

According to Atlas Obscura, "The legend of the Warsaw mermaid, or “syrenka” in Polish, is a relatively simple one. She originated from the Baltic Sea, where (according to some versions of the story) she had a twin sister, the famous Little Mermaid of Copenhagen. The syrenka swam up the Vistula River until she was at what is now Warsaw’s old town. There, she saw some fishermen catching fish and decided to meddle with their nets and free the catch. 
The fishermen were angry at the meddlesome creature and tried to catch it, but once they saw the mermaid and heard her siren song they could not harbor any hate for her any longer. Later, the mermaid was captured by a rich merchant who wanted to haul her off as some kind of prize. But the fishermen would not have it and freed her from the greedy man’s clutches. The mermaid was thankful and promised to protect the fishermen and their homes from then on. From that moment, she became the city’s guardian and protector in times of need."

A copy of the statue resides in Old Town Market Place. The original statue was removed due to vandalism. 

Old Town Market Square
This square was once the epicenter of commercial life in Warsaw. This square is the most historic area in Old Town, and surrounded by Baroque and Renaissance facades that were once merchant's homes. Although post war replicas of what once stood, this square was rebuilt to it's original form. It is not uncommon to find artists in the square selling paintings and drawings. 

St. Anne's Church
This is one of the oldest landmarks in Warsaw. Founded in 1454, the church was rebuilt several times, with its final construction in 1788 displaying a Neoclassical facade. The exterior displays four evangelists and the interior features a baroque design. The church features a stand alone bell tower, where many visit to admire the lookout spot over castle square, old town and Krakowskie Przedmieście. The only drawback is that visitors must climb 147 stairs to get to the viewpoint. 

Nowy Świat Street
This street is part of the walk along the Royal Route. Often used by the wealthy and the aristocrats, the street originates from the 16th Century when the upper crust traveled this road from the city to the country side. Once Warsaw's population grew, so did the aristocrat homes along this street. And during the Napoleonic times, the wooden structures were rebuilt into Neoclassical villas and mansions. 

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to Historical Sites You Can't Miss in Warsaw.

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It is no secret that the Polish Jews suffered during World War II. Today, thousands of visitors come to Krakow to rediscover Krakow's dark past, which also includes Jewish history, culture and heritage. Jews began immigrating to Krakow in the 12th Century, and during the 15th Century they settled primarily in the Kazimierz neighborhood. 

Before World War II, 64,000 Jews lived in Krakow, working in trades such as banking, craftsmanship, and owning restaurants. There were six prominent synagogues in town. During the war, many Jews were displaced, either to concentration camps, the Jewish ghetto of Schindler's Factory. In fact, Schindler saved approximately 1,200 Jews. 

After the war, approximately 10% (three to four thousand Krakow Jews) survived, many of which did not return home to Poland. Today, the Jewish culture revived itself, thanks to the small percentage of Jews who returned to Krakow to reinstate it's heritage. Whether you're searching for history or a good meal, there is plenty of  Jewish history to discover while in Krakow. 

Jewish Ghetto
On March 3, 1941, the Nazi occupation created a dwelling place for Krakow Jews. Podgorze is the conception of the Jewish ghetto located on the right side of the Wisla River. The ghetto consisted of 15 streets and some 320 buildings and 3,200 rooms, completely walled off from the rest of the city. The ghetto's western edge, at Limanowskiego Street near Rynek Podgorski square was the main entrance gate to the ghetto along with another gate on Limanowskiego Street, which was solely for the entrance of German military trucks.

Here is where many Jews met their horrific fate of executions, beatings, deportations to camps and being torn apart from their family. Today, in Ghetto Heros Square 33 monumental chairs and 37 regular chairs exist in rows to symbolize the tragic deaths and empty seats that the residents of the ghetto left behind. 

Kazimierz - Jewish Square
Located south of Old Town and between the Wisla River and Ul, the Jewish Quarter is a neighborhood not only for Jewish culture, but for Bohemian artists as well. Near the Jewish Square green space are countless Jewish Restaurants surrounded by five synagogues. 

The historical pavilion, Plac Nowy, is a popular antique market that contains a farmers market on the weekend. There are also countless antique shops in this district that are worth exploring.

I recommend visiting the tiny black and white shops, Galeria Lue Lue to discover old black and white images of historic Krakow and Poland. Speaking of black and white, the Kazimierz District is where Steven Spielberg filmed the movie, Schindler's List. 

To discover more about Jewish culture visit the Center for Jewish Culture on Meiselsa Street. 

There are countless opportunities to discover Jewish culture and cuisine around Jewish Square.

​One of the most photogenic store fronts are on Szeroka Street in between Miodowa and where Szeroka Street bends.  

Admire the historic window fronts, hear live music or simply explore your pallate with Kosher and Traditional Polish Food. I recommend Jewish Restaurant, Arial, and Kuchnia Domowa on Miodowa Street. 

Discover more on 7 Authentic Polish Restaurants in Krakow, Poland (for Pierogies & Vegetarians too). ​​

Kazimierz is the perfect neighborhood to explore sacral architecture and the Jewish Synagogues. I overhead a tour guide once state that the synagogues located across from each other, those people who worshipped at different places of Jewish faith (traditional vs. more progressive), would not cross the road at the conflicting-beliefs  synagogues location. 

​Synagogue is ‘synagoga’ or ‘boznica’ in Polish. 

There are seven main synagogues in the neighborhood with the Old Synagogue being the oldest in Poland. Built in the early 16th Century, next to the 14th Century city walls, this synagogue now houses a branch of the Historical Museum of Krakow, which displays exhibitions dedication to Jewish culture and history. Destroyed by a fire in 1557, the exterior received a Renaissance reconstruction while the interior remained Gothic. During World War II, the Nazis not only damaged the building, but turned it into a warehouse. The Nazis also executed 30 Polish hostages at its wall in 1943. 

Szeroka Street contains the main three synagogues, the Old Synagogue, Remuh (1557 Renaissance style) and Wolf Popper's Synagogue (1620 Baroque style).  As the highlights of the Jewish community, every synagogue has its own architectural style and "brand" of the Jewish faith. Remuh is located adjacent to the historic Jewish Cemetery ​that's existed since 1511. 

The 1590 High Synagogue located on On Józefa Street, is the city's tallest synagogue. The Neo Romanesque, Tempel Synagogue at 24 Miodowa Street, was built in 1862 for the Society of the Progressive Israelites, and the interior's woodwork contains "Moorish" design. Isaac's Synagogue was completely destroyed during World War II. Kupa Synagogue is a modest synagogue founded for the poor in 1643. 

Schindler’s Factory
The once World War II factory is now a historical museum. The factory housed the former Nazi industrialist who saved the lives of his Jewish workforce during the Holocaust. Guests will see Schindler’s desk intact to what it would look like during the war alongside with walls filled with plates, Nazi propaganda and photos of the factory workers.

​Nearby is the popular family-owned restaurant, Jadlodajnia Wczoraj I Dzis (bottom food image below). 

Ariel Jewish Restaurant
One of the most unique culinary experiences in Krakow is to explore the Jewish and Kosher culture. Discover countless Jewish restaurants along Szeroka Street.  

Located in Jewish Square, Ariel, sits between five synagogues in the heart of Kazimierz. Known for its live music events, Ariel features six indoor dining halls and outdoor seating in the summer. The green room, known as the fireplace room, features an eclectic mix of historic paintings and vintage items to replicate a Jewish tenement house from the 16th Century. In fact, "Arial" originates from the Old Testament and is named after one of the four archangels, "Uriel," known as the "Light of God."

And God bless this delicious food. Borscht, cabbage salads and Russian-style pierogies, you'll notice my trend as the blog post continues. A gift shop is also available. Prices are moderate to pricey. Check the website for the music concert calendar and apartment rentals.

Galicia Jewish Museum
This photography exhibition contains over 140 images of Jewish culture and life over the last 100 years. The museum is divided into five sections. Four parts display the absence of Jewish people, which is why the images do not contain any people. The final part displays pictures of people who saved and revived Jewish culture and heritage. The photographs are in color. 

What is your favorite spot in the Jewish Quarter in Krakow?

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to Discovering Krakow's Jewish Culture and Heritage.

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Krakow, Poland is a city that bustles with history, culture and soul. Alive from day to night, whether you are looking for the most historic church or the best jazz lounge in town, Krakow features countless cultural opportunities. 

These are the best historical spots you cannot miss and is best explored in a two to three day itinerary. Although you may want to see it all, some of the best moments in Krakow are when you lose yourself, wandering down an old alley way, wondering, "What should I do next?"  

St. Peter and Paul Church
In Poland, there is no lack of Catholic Churches. Built between 1597-1619, this is the biggest church in Krakow in terms of seating capacity. The Baroque Jesuit church is most known for its facade, containing the 12 apostles. The church was built shortly after the arrival of the Jesuits to defend the Catholic faith after signing the Council of Trident.

Between St. Peter and Paul Church and Market Square, it is common to find elder locals playing musical instruments along Grodzka Street. 

Old Town Market Square
This is the area where most people congregate to, and once you lay eyes on the square you’ll know why. The grandiose square contains spirit of the past and the present. Small birds circle the cathedral and horse and carriage loop around the square. It is the largest medieval square in Europe, which dates back to 1257. St Mary’s Basilica is one of the most popular churches in town. 
 
Explore the 10th Century St. Adalbert Church, which is a mix of pre-Roman, Roman, Gothic, Baroque and Renaissance architecture. Explore what is left of Krakow Town Hall with its tower as the rest of the facility was demolished to open up the square. The 13th Century Town Hall Tower stands 70 meters, but leans 55 centimeters as a result of a storm in 1703. Two stone lions guard the tower, which were brought from the Classicist Palace. The tower climb is steep, but worth the view and the experience to understand life in the medieval days. 

During the holiday season, enjoy the Christmas Market in Market Square. This is the perfect place to discover affordable Polish cuisine. Be sure to check out Wierzynek, the oldest restaurant in town with roots dating back to 1364. 

Market Square also contains the Cloth Hall. The 14th Century Cloth Hall contains countless souvenir stands. Some claim cloth hall is the oldest “shopping mall” and the edifice dates to 1555. It's one of the best spots to purchase a souvenir.  

And while on the topic of shopping, be sure to explore the countless shops in town and in the Cloth Hall that contain the popular Polish Pottery. These hand painted pieces of ceramic are a popular Christmas gift and is known for its stylish kitchen tools. Discover everything from spoons to baking dishes to coffee mugs. 

One popular shops is Mila Polish Pottery located at: Sławkowska 14, 31-014 Kraków, Poland

Another popular traditional Polish relic are the amber jewelry. The handcrafted jewelry is expensive (according to backpacker standards) but is a notable symbol of Poland. ​

Krakow is also known for its bustling music scene. The Poles know how to party so there is no lack of techno clubs. But for the finer side of Polish culture, be sure to check out of the many jazz shows in town. You'll discover many jazz clubs in and around Market Square. 

The two places I recommend are Harris Piano Jazz Bar and Piwnica Pod Baranami. These two establishments are next to eachother, both located underground with exposed brick walls and quirky, historical art on the walls. 

On the corner of Florianska and Pijarska street is an outdoor painter's market called, Galeria obrazów pod Bramą Floriańską. Discover everything from landscapes to nature to dancers. The paintings are perched alongside an old stone wall and features art from over 100 artists. In operation for decades, this is the spot for an affordable canvas painting; however, they own a nearby shop that sells paintings with a frame, 

Wawel Castle
Built between the 13th and 14th Century, Wawel Castle is the most impressive landmark in the city. Fifty thousand years ago, people lived on Wawel Hill during the Paleolithic Age. In the early 16th Century, King Sigismund I the Old brought in some of the best native and foreign artists to create the castle you see today. Permanent exhibitions include the State Rooms, Oriental Art, The Lost Wawel, The Royal Private Apartments and the Crown Treasury and Armory. Don’t be in too much of a rush, and be sure to stop and smell the flowers. 

Wawel Cathedral 
Inside the Wawel Castle is the cathedral where visitors marvel and decadent artistry and architectural wonders of the 18 chapels. Most of the Polish King’s and their family members, along with the nation’s greatest heroes, bishops, two poets and four saints, are buried in the cathedral.

Kazimierz - Jewish Square
Located south of Old Town and between the Wisla River and Ul, the Jewish Quarter is a neighborhood not only for Jewish culture, but for Bohemian artists as well. Near the Jewish Square green space are countless Jewish Restaurants surrounded by five synagogues. 

The historical pavilion, Plac Nowy, is a popular antique market that contains a farmers market on the weekend. There are also countless antique shops in this district that are worth exploring.

I recommend visiting the tiny black and white shops, Galeria Lue Lue to discover old black and white images of historic Krakow and Poland. 

There are countless opportunities to discover Jewish culture and cuisine around Jewish Square. Admire the historic window fronts, hear live music or simply explore your pallate with Kosher and Traditional Polish Food. I recommend Jewish Restaurant, Arial. 

Discover more on 7 Authentic Polish Restaurants in Krakow, Poland (for Pierogies & Vegetarians too).  

Schindler’s Factory
The once World War II factory is now a historical museum. The factory housed the former Nazi industrialist who saved the lives of his Jewish workforce during the Holocaust. Guests will see Schindler’s desk intact to what it would look like during the war alongside with walls filled with plates, Nazi propaganda and photos of the factory workers.

​Nearby is the popular family-owned restaurant, Jadlodajnia Wczoraj i Dzis.  Discover more on 7 Authentic Polish Restaurants in Krakow, Poland (for Pierogies & Vegetarians too).

Jewish Ghetto
On March 3, 1941, the Nazi occupation created a dwelling place for Krakow Jews. Podgorze is the conception of the Jewish ghetto located on the right side of the Wisla River. The ghetto consisted of 15 streets and some 320 buildings and 3,200 rooms, completely walled off from the rest of the city. The ghetto's western edge, at Limanowskiego Street near Rynek Podgorski square was the main entrance gate to the ghetto along with another gate on Limanowskiego Street, which was solely for the entrance of German military trucks.

Jagiellonian University - Copernicus University and Museum
Take a walk into history at one of the oldest Universities in Europe, and the oldest University building in Poland with roots dating back to 1400. This historic college is the place where Copernicus did his studies and also experienced a downfall during the Nazi occupation of book burning and extermination of the professors. Take a tour inside the museum to discover countless artifacts, paintings and original astrological devices from the Copernicus era. 

If you have two to three days in Krakow, you can explore most of these areas, even if you do not enter some of the museums. However, to take your time in each district or museum, it is best to schedule three days. Luckily, Krakow is not that spread out so it is easy to walk from place to place. 

Let's Connect! 

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to A Traveler's Guide to the Best Cultural Spots in Krakow, Poland.

Krakow is one of my favorite European cities. Not only is the culture and architecture one-of-a-kind, but so is the food. My Great Grandfather was from Krakow, married to my Ukrainian Grandmother, so pierogies, borscht and potato pancakes are a past time. Even to this day I can remember my "Baba" pushing through her carpal tunnel and back pain just to satisfy my family's stomach upon every visit. 

I have more love for Krakow than just nostalgia, but it is a city of creativity founded by tough people who survived communism, the War and the like. Polish people have not had an easy life, and even today you'll see grandma in the kitchen kneading dough for today's serving of dumplings and goulash. 

I do not eat meat, and I find it difficult to be 100% vegan in Poland unless you consume bird food from the supermarket or the salad section at the restaurant. As a two-time visitor to Krakow, these are my favorite places for traditional and authentic Polish food that also features vegetarian options. 

Ariel Jewish Restaurant
One of the most unique culinary experiences in Krakow is to explore the Jewish and Kosher culture. Discover countless Jewish restaurants along Szeroka Street.  

Located in Jewish Square, Ariel, sits between five synagogues in the heart of Kazimierz. Known for its live music events, Ariel features six indoor dining halls and outdoor seating in the summer. The green room, known as the fireplace room, features an eclectic mix of historic paintings and vintage items to replicate a Jewish tenement house from the 16th Century. In fact, "Arial" originates from the Old Testament and is named after one of the four archangels, "Uriel," known as the "Light of God."

And God bless this delicious food. Borscht, cabbage salads and Russian-style pierogies, you'll notice my trend as the blog post continues. A gift shop is also available. Prices are moderate to pricey. Check the website for the music concert calendar and apartment rentals.  

Jadlodajnia Wczoraj i Dzis
If you're looking for Grandma's cooking, be sure to visit this restaurant that has been family owned and operated for over 80 years. The restaurant's roots originated in market square, but now reside nearby the Oskar Schindler factory museum and the Jewish ghetto. This is one of the few family restaurants that survived after World War II, the occupation and communism. The menu features hearty traditional Polish food, and these family recipes that are made fresh every morning. 

I am obsessed with Polish carrot salad. It is one of my favorite foods in Poland. Between this and the potato pancakes with applesauce, this is a perfect lunch or dinner spot - one of the best in towns.  

Kuchnia Domowa
When I ate here three times in one trip, I realized this is a sign from God that this is probably one of the most special gems in Krakow. In fact, when a restaurant features a red and white checkered table cloth, it's a sign you've struck gold as the food is as authentic as the peasants who work in the kitchen. 

Cheap. Hearty and delicious, Domowa features everything I love about Polish food (suitable for plant-based eaters), pierogies, borscht and salads. As already established, carrot salad is my favorite followed by beet salad. Sadly, sauerkraut comes in third place. Actually, I am not a big fan of sauerkraut but Domowa's - I ate the entire bowl. It's not as pungent but is light and tasty without stinking like kraut juice. The best part is - the affordable price! The soup of the day is 5 zloty, equivalent to 1.25 euro. 

Traveler's Tip: Be sure to say no onion as the onion-butter topping contains bits of pork. 

Wierzynek
Located in the heart of Krakow and in the main square, Wierzynek is the oldest restaurant in the city. With 14th Century origins, travelers from around the world admire the ancient decor or chat over a beer at the street side cafe tables. According to the website, "In 1364, wealthy merchant Mikołaj Wierzynek hosted a splendid feast for the monarchs of Europe on behalf of the Polish King Casimir the Great. Wierzynek undertook the task of hosting the feast with great care and overwhelmed his noble guests with a truly lavish welcome. According to legend the tables were groaning with food and drinks and the guests celebrated for 20 days and nights. Upon departure, the generous merchant presented each guest with a splendid gift – gold and silver tableware." 

Today the restaurant follows the slow food notion and features a mix of artisan and delectable cuisines, or in plain English, rare foods served in small portions that are overpriced. It is worth exploring one of the five rooms each one decorated with aristocratic charm. 

Restauracja Horoscope
I am an astrology fanatic. As a cosmonaut at heart, something ancient resides in my bones when gazing at the night sky questioning what life was like during the medieval era. Nearby Wawel Castle, this modest cafe features vegetarian friendly meals such as a Greek salad and pierogies. The Greek Salad is not identical to the one you get in Greece, but Mediterranean veggies are served inside half of a head of Iceberg lettuce, the common peasant raw greenery in Poland, and topped with an Italian-style dressing. After eating countless dumplings, my body craved raw vegetables. Affordable and modest, this Aquarian girl admires this establishment's quirks and menu. 

Restauracja Przysmak Staropolski
Located near Wawel Castle is an inexpensive, outdoor cafe and restaurant. This is not exactly fine dining so don't expect the lot, but if looking for a cheap salad and pierogies, this place is a good pit stop despite the constant one-star ratings. 

Restauracja Pod Smoczą Jamą
Also located near Wawel Castle, Jama is another modest-dining experience that offers good food at fair prices. A plate of Russian pierogies is 16 zloty, equivalent to four euros. It's another spot to taste test the dumplings to see which ones you enjoy best.  

Pro Tip: Globalization is changing the world. When traveling abroad, be sure to check out places online to ensure the establishment is open and operating hours. 

What's your favorite restaurant for authentic food in Krakow?

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to 7 Authentic Polish Restaurants for Vegetarians in Krakow, Poland.

Krakow is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful cities in Poland. With ancient squares and classy dressage, travelers visit Krakow year-round to explore its exquisite historical sites. The Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and strolling through Krakow makes you feel as if you are lost in time.

Old Town Market Square
This is the area where most people congregate to, and once you lay eyes on the square you’ll know why. The grandiose square contains spirit of the past and the present. Small birds circle the cathedral and horse and carriage loop around the square. It is the largest medieval square in Europe, which dates back to 1257. St Mary’s Basilica is a site to see and the 14th Century Cloth Hall contains countless souvenir stands. Some claim cloth hall is the oldest “shopping mall” and the edifice dates to 1555. 
 
Explore the 10th Century St. Adalbert Church, which is a mix of pre-Roman, Roman, Gothic, Baroque and Renaissance architecture. Explore what is left of Krakow Town Hall with its tower as the rest of the facility was demolished to open up the square. The 13th Century Town Hall Tower stands 70 meters, but leans 55 centimeters as a result of a storm in 1703. Two stone lions guard the tower, which were brought from the Classicist Palace.

Wawel Castle
Built between the 13th and 14th Century, Wawel Castle is the most impressive landmark in the city. Fifty thousand years ago, people lived on Wawel Hill during the Paleolithic Age. In the early 16th Century, King Sigismund I the Old brought in some of the best native and foreign artists to create the castle you see today. Permanent exhibitions include the State Rooms, Oriental Art, The Lost Wawel, The Royal Private Apartments and the Crown Treasury and Armory. Don’t be in too much of a rush, and be sure to stop and smell the flowers. 

Wawel Cathedral 
Inside the Wawel Castle is the cathedral where visitors marvel and decadent artistry and architectural wonders of the 18 chapels. Most of the Polish King’s and their family members, along with the nation’s greatest heroes, bishops, two poets and four saints, are buried in the cathedral.

Planty Garden Ring
Planty is a green belt of public parks, similar to a chain consisting of 30 gardens. Today, the area of Planty consists of 41 hectares. It takes one to two hours to walk around the Old Town district through the tree-covered pathways.

Schindler’s Factory
The once World War II factory is now a historical museum. The factory housed the former Nazi industrialist who saved the lives of his Jewish workforce during the Holocaust. Guests will see Schindler’s desk intact to what it would look like during the war alongside with walls filled with plates, Nazi propaganda and photos of the factory workers.

Jewish Ghetto
On March 3, 1941, the Nazi occupation created a dwelling place for Krakow Jews. Podgorze is the conception of the Jewish ghetto located on the right side of the Wisla River. The ghetto consisted of 15 streets and some 320 buildings and 3,200 rooms, completely walled off from the rest of the city. The ghetto's western edge, at Limanowskiego Street near Rynek Podgorski square was the main entrance gate to the ghetto along with another gate on Limanowskiego Street, which was solely for the entrance of German military trucks.

Wierzynek Restaurant 
This is Krakow’s oldest restaurant, which traditions date back to 1364. It’s become a landmark of its own regardless of if people actually eat. Dine in what looks like 1800’s décor and marvel at the beautiful wallpaper.  Wierzynek’s website states, “The tradition of the Wierzynek Restaurant dates back to 1364, when a wealthy merchant Mikołaj Wierzynek hosted a splendid feast for the monarchs of Europe on behalf of the Polish King Casimir the Great. Wierzynek undertook the task of hosting the feast with great care and overwhelmed his noble guests with a truly lavish welcome. The tables were groaning with food and drinks and the guests celebrated for 20 days and nights. Upon departure, the generous merchant presented each guest with a splendid gift – gold and silver tableware. At the Wierzynek Restaurant we continue this great medieval tradition of feasting until the present day by giving a royal welcome to each and every one of our guests!”

St. Peter and Paul Church
Built between 1597-1619, this is the biggest church in Krakow in terms of seating capacity. The Baroque Jesuit church is most known for its facade, containing the 12 apostles. The church was built shortly after the arrival of the Jesuits to defend the Catholic faith after signing the Council of Trident.

This Lemon Tree article is now featured on GPSmyCity.  To download this article for offline reading or travel directions to the attractions highlighted in this article, go to 12 Must See Historical Sites in Krakow, Poland.